R-Loops Play Dual Role in Genome Stability and Disease

The factors contributing to R-loop formation. Several factors contribute to R-loop formation, including RNA components, specific DNA structures, histone and RNA modifications, RNA-binding proteins, and helicases.

Mystery of RNA:DNA hybrid formation at double-strand break (DSB) site.

R-loop mediated immune response.

SHANNON, CLARE, IRELAND, April 20, 2025 /EINPresswire.com/ --
This new review article highlights the pivotal and paradoxical role of R-loops in maintaining genomic stability while simultaneously posing risks to it. These three-stranded nucleic acid structures,

Hidden Regulators: Small Noncoding RNAs Redefine Cardiovascular Disease Mechanisms

The classification of tsRNAs. tsRNAs include tiRNA and tRF. Under stress, angiogenin cleavage of the tRNA anticodon loop generates tiRNAs that are further categorized as 5′ tiRNA and 3′ tiRNA.

piRNA biogenesis pathways in drosophila. The biogenesis pathways of piRNA involve primary and secondary pathways.

The categorization of PIWI family proteins. piRNA primarily engages in physiological functions by binding with PIWI proteins within reproductive cells, encompassing family proteins in humans, mice, and drosophila.

SHANNON, CLARE, IRELAND, April 20, 2025 /EINPresswire.com/ --
In a transformative review, small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators in the complex landscape of cardiovascular diseases. These RNA molecules, which do

New Insights into Cancer Biology: The Dual Role of FMRP in Tumor Progression and Therapy Resistance

Multi-domain structure of FMRP. Tandem Tudor domains are located at the N-terminus of FMRP; these domains (depicted in yellow) enable specific recognition and binding to proteins with methylated lysine residues, crucial for epigenetic modulation and RNA p

Biological functions of FMRP in RNA biology. The illustrations depict the functional mechanisms of FMRP (depicted in the center) in RNA biology, such as miRNA/cirRNA/lncRNA-mediated regulation, mRNA transport and localization, RNA modification (m5C/5-meth

The pivotal role of FMRP in cancer development and progression. High FMRP levels are associated with enhanced invasiveness, metastasis, and drug resistance as well as contributing to the cancer's ability to evade immune surveillance and promote angiogenes

SHANNON, CLARE, IRELAND, April 20, 2025 /EINPresswire.com/ -- A recent review published in Genes & Diseases sheds light on the complex and multifaceted role of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in cancer progression, with

Nrf2 Identified as a Key Driver of Treatment Resistance in Osteosarcoma

Mechanisms of resistance to chemoradiotherapy in osteosarcoma. In chemoradiotherapy resistant OS cells, altered expression of the drug transporter proteins, RFC and ABC family, reduces intracellular drug concentrations.

Nrf2 and Keap1 protein structures. A: The Nrf2 protein contains seven highly conserved Nrf2-ECH homologs (Neh), i.e., Neh1-Neh7, each exhibiting a distinct function.

Mechanisms of Nrf2-mediated resistance to chemoradiotherapy in osteosarcoma.

SHANNON, CLARE, IRELAND, April 20, 2025 /EINPresswire.com/ --
A deeper understanding of osteosarcoma, the most common primary malignant bone tumor affecting children and adolescents, is reshaping strategies for overcoming treatment resistance.

Central to this breakthrough is

MicroRNAs Offer New Hope in the Battle Against Adipose Tissue Fibrosis

TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and miRNA regulation in liver fibrosis. Tissue fibrosis intricately links with the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

Decoding miRNA-mediated regulation of fibrotic pathways: Insights into liver fibrosis inhibition. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) enhances collagen and elastin expression by targeting LOX (lysyl oxidase), promoting liver fibrosis.

The role and therapeutic potential of miRNAs in adipose tissue fibrosis induced by high-fat diet. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) activates Smad3 upon binding to its receptor, and miR-140 interferes with phosphorylated SMAD3, inhibiting Smad3 express

SHANNON, CLARE, IRELAND, April 20, 2025 /EINPresswire.com/ --
A new review published in Genes & Diseases highlights the transformative role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating and potentially reversing adipose tissue fibrosis, a condition closely linked to

The Role of Lipid Metabolism in Breast Cancer Progression and Treatment Resistance

Dysregulation of lipid metabolism promotes EMT (by Figdraw). Down-regulation of ELOVL2 promotes EMT in breast cancer by up-regulating expression of SREBP1/2.

TIME associated with lipids in breast cancer (by Figdraw). Tumor-associated adipocytes secrete palmitic acid; BCCs uptake palmitic acid; LAM is mainly distributed in the tumor-fat junction; M2 macrophages promote EMT and migration of BCCs; palmitic acid r

Lipid metabolism involved in progression and drug resistance of breast cancer.

SHANNON, CLARE, IRELAND, April 20, 2025 /EINPresswire.com/ --
Lipid metabolism has emerged as a central player in the progression and therapy resistance of breast cancer, particularly the aggressive subtype known as

A New Path in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment: The Therapeutic Promise of GOT2

Metabolic and immune functions of GOT2 in pancreatic cancer cells. First, GOT2 catalyzes transamination reaction in mitochondria, and the products can directly promote cell proliferation.

Alternative mechanisms bypass GOT2 silencing in pancreatic cancer cells. CAFs can secrete pyruvate in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment.

SHANNON, CLARE, IRELAND, April 20, 2025 /EINPresswire.com/ --

A new wave of scientific interest is spotlighting GOT2—glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2—as a compelling therapeutic target in the fight against pancreatic cancer, one of the most

The Emerging Role of Citrullination in Gene Control and Therapeutic Innovation

The reaction mechanism of protein arginine citrullination is catalyzed by PAD.

Protein citrullination in physiological and pathological processes.

Chromatin opening through PAD-mediated citrullination of histone tails.

SHANNON, CLARE, IRELAND, April 20, 2025 /EINPresswire.com/ --
Citrullination, a transformative protein post-translational modification, is gaining recognition for its wide-ranging impact on cellular function and human disease. This process, driven by the enzyme family

Mapping the Genetic and Therapeutic Landscape of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Key signaling pathways in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Different pathways are labeled in different colors, and different components in the same pathway are portrayed in the same color.

The tumor immune microenvironment of, immunotherapy for, and inflammatory marker for anaplastic thyroid cancer.

SHANNON, CLARE, IRELAND, April 20, 2025 /EINPresswire.com/ --
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), a rare yet highly aggressive malignancy, continues to represent a major clinical challenge. A recent review published in Genes & Diseases offers a comprehensive

Cellular Pathways and Treatment Frontiers of Achondroplasia

The mutational spectrum of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) in individuals with achondroplasia.

Treatment strategies for achondroplasia.

SHANNON, CLARE, IRELAND, April 20, 2025 /EINPresswire.com/ --
A recent publication in Genes & Diseases has delivered a compelling synthesis of the latest insights into the cellular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions for achondroplasia, the